"The body that lay on the flat metal table was not a sight for those with weak stomachs." By now, we've all heard the old adage of "Show, don't tell," and this is a place where it would apply perfectly. There's two directions I could see here, and what I would recommend, with minimal changes to your writing, would be as follows:
The morturarius led the quaestores to where the body lay on the flat metal table. Skin lay on the next table, spread out like some ghastly flag. The body's inner workings were on full display. The chest cavity had been torn open in a jagged wound that left ragged edges and mangled ribs jutting out at bizarre angles. It more closely resembled a torn lump of meat than anything human.
If Laermont felt any revulsion, it couldn’t have shown on his faceplate, but Quaestor Calvinia, by contrast, recoiled in horror. Here, in this starkly clinical setting, it was obscene.
The morturarius nodded sympathetically. “If one isn’t as inured as I am to the...ways in which we can be turned into meat, this sort of thing is unsettling. Don’t go too hard on yourself, Quaestor.”
While I added some to the opening line, you'll see that most of my recommended edit is removing words from places without changing the content. Two more assertive changes would be taking a stronger tone with Calvinia's reaction, and removing the contradictory adjective 'banal.' Something that is banal is boring while something obscene is repugnant; one implies the absence of reaction and the other a visceral reaction.
Why these changes? You want to be painting a picture with your words, setting a scene. My suggested edits were minor, but you could take them further, emphasizing the clinical, sterilized feeling of the mortuary, describing the body using more butcher-like terms to drive home the idea that the body is less a person and more a collection of cuts. When you add lines to say "this was horrifying" or "this was unpleasant," you are actually downplaying what you're describing. It's like an analysis of your own writing, before it's finished, a technique used in documentaries or sometimes in satires. In these situations, you want to describe
what is there, not why it's there for what it means. Allow readers to draw their conclusions, right or wrong, from what you've presented them.